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How does the reservation of posts for the Anglo-Indian community change during succeeding periods? | During every succeeding two years, the number of reserved posts must be less by ten per cent. than in the preceding period. |
What is the duration limit for reservations for the Anglo-Indian community in services? | All such reservations are required to cease at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution. |
What was the initial grant provision regarding education for the Anglo-Indian community? | During the first three financial years, grants were to be made by the Union and each State as they were in the financial year ending March 31, 1948. |
What is the composition of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes? | The commission consists of a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, and three other Members. |
What power does the National Commission for Scheduled Castes have regarding investigations? | It has the power to investigate and monitor all matters relating to safeguards provided for the Scheduled Castes. |
What powers does the Commission investigating a complaint under Article 338 have? | It has all the powers of a civil court trying a suit, including summoning persons and requiring the production of documents. |
What is the purpose of appointing a Commission under Article 340? | The President may appoint a Commission to report on the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of the Scheduled Tribes in the States. |
What must the official language of the Union be? | The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. |
For how long is English allowed to continue for all official purposes of the Union? | English shall continue to be used for all the official purposes of the Union for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution. |
What must the President constitute after five years and then ten years from the commencement of this Constitution regarding language? | The President shall constitute a Commission consisting of a Chairman and other members representing the different languages specified in the Eighth Schedule. |
What is one of the duties of the Commission regarding official language? | One duty is to make recommendations as to the progressive use of the Hindi language for the official purposes of the Union. |
What must be in English language until Parliament provides otherwise concerning Supreme Court and High Court proceedings? | All proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court shall be in the English language. |
Under what condition may a State's Governor authorize Hindi or another state language for proceedings in its High Court? | The Governor of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorize the use of the Hindi language or any other language used for any official purposes of the State in proceedings in the High Court. |
What must be done if a State Legislature prescribes a language other than English for Bills or Acts? | A translation of that material into the English language published under the authority of the Governor of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text. |
What must the President consider before sanctioning a Bill regarding language for use? | The President must take into consideration the recommendations of the Commission constituted under clause (1) of article 344 and the report of the Committee constituted under clause (4) of that article. |
What is one duty of the Union regarding the Hindi language? | It shall be the duty of the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language and develop it so it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India. |
What must the President satisfy before making a declaration regarding a grave emergency? | The President must be satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion. |
Under what conditions must a Proclamation cease to operate after thirty days from the House of the People's reconstitution if certain events occur? | The Proclamation shall cease to operate after thirty days if a resolution approving it was passed by the Council of States but no such resolution was passed by the House of the People before the period expired. |
How long does an approved Proclamation, unless revoked, cease to operate from the passing of the second approving resolution? | It ceases to operate after a period of six months from the date of the passing of the second of the resolutions approving the Proclamation. |
What must be passed by both Houses of Parliament for a Proclamation to continue in force beyond its initial expiration? | A resolution approving the continuance in force of the Proclamation must be passed by both Houses of Parliament. |
When must a special sitting of the House be held regarding a notice to disapprove a Proclamation? | A special sitting must be held within fourteen days from when the notice is received by the Speaker or the President. |
What are the possible grounds for the President's power to issue different Proclamations under this article? | The grounds include war, external aggression, armed rebellion, or imminent danger of war or external aggression or armed rebellion. |
What must be achieved by a resolution in either House of Parliament for it to be passed regarding clauses (4) and (5)? | The resolution must be passed by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the Members present and voting. |
What can the President do if he is satisfied that a State's government cannot be carried on according to the Constitution? | The President may assume functions or powers of the State Government, declare state legislature powers exercisable by Parliament, or make necessary incidental provisions. |
What must happen before a Proclamation under Article 356 ceases to operate after two months? | It must be approved by resolutions of both Houses of Parliament before the expiration of that period. |
Under what condition might a Proclamation cease to operate after thirty days from reconstitution if it was issued while the House of the People was dissolved? | This occurs if the Council of States passed an approval resolution but the House of the People did not pass one before the period expired. |
What is a condition for passing a resolution regarding the continuance in force of a Proclamation beyond one year? | A Proclamation of Emergency must be in operation, either in the whole of India or in part of the State, at the time the resolution is passed. |
What must a law contain regarding its relation to the Constitution for it not to be subject to certain limitations during an emergency? | The law must include a recital stating that it is in relation to the Proclamation of Emergency in operation when it is made. |
What can the President do if satisfied that financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened? | The President may issue a Proclamation declaring a financial emergency. |
How long must a Proclamation issued under Article 360 cease to operate unless approved by both Houses of Parliament? | It shall cease to operate at the expiration of two months. |
What can executive authority of the Union extend to during a financial emergency? | The executive authority of the Union can extend to giving directions to any State regarding canons of financial propriety or other necessary matters. |
What is one possible direction that may be included in a Proclamation under Article 360? | A provision requiring the reduction of salaries and allowances of all or any class of persons serving in connection with the affairs of a State. |
What protection is given to the publication of substantially true reports of proceedings of either House of Parliament? | No person shall be liable to civil or criminal proceedings for such publication unless it is proved to have been made with malice. |
Who cannot be arrested or have processes for arrest issued from a court during their term of office? | The President or the Governor of a State cannot face processes for arrest or imprisonment in any court during their term of office. |
What is one condition under which the conduct of the President can be brought under review by a court or tribunal? | The conduct of the President may be brought under review by a body appointed or designated by either House of Parliament for investigating a charge under article 61. |
What is one restriction placed on courts regarding disputes arising from instruments executed before the Constitution's commencement? | Neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in a dispute arising out of such an instrument if the Government of India was a party to it. |
What is one aspect of disqualification for appointment on a remunerative political post? | It applies if a member of a House belonging to any political party is disqualified under paragraph 2 of the Tenth Schedule. |
What happens to the recognition of a Prince or Chief who was recognized by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State before the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971? | Such a person shall cease to be recognised as such Ruler or the successor of such Ruler from the commencement of that Act. |
What is abolished on and from the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971? | Privy purse is abolished, and all rights, liabilities, and obligations in respect of privy purse are extinguished. |
What power does the President have regarding laws made by Parliament or a State Legislature concerning major ports or aerodromes? | The President may direct that such laws shall not apply to any major port or aerodrome, or shall apply subject to specified exceptions or modifications. |
What does 'major port' mean according to Article 366? | A 'major port' means a port declared as such by or under Parliament or an existing law, and it includes all areas within the limits of that port. |
What can the President hold if any State fails to comply with directions given by the Union executive power? | The President may hold that a situation has arisen where the Government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution. |
What is defined as 'agricultural income' for the purposes of this Constitution? | 'Agricultural income' means agricultural income as defined for the purposes of the enactments relating to Indian income-tax. |
What does 'Indian State' mean according to Article 366? | 'Indian State' means any territory which the Government of the Dominion of India recognised as such a State. |
How must an amendment of this Constitution be initiated? | An amendment may be initiated only by introducing a Bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament. |
What is required if an amendment seeks to change certain specified items, such as Chapter IV of Part V of Part VI? | The amendment shall also require to be ratified by the Legislatures of not less than one-half of the States by resolutions. |
What does 'foreign State' mean for the purposes of this Constitution? | 'Foreign State' means any State other than India, though the President may declare a State not to be a foreign State. |
What was the power granted to Parliament regarding amendments under the provision mentioned in section (5)? | There was no limitation on Parliament's constituent power to amend the Constitution through addition, variation, or repeal. |
When were clauses (4) and (5) of a certain article inserted into Article 368? | They were inserted by section 55 of the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. |
What was declared invalid by the Supreme Court regarding the provisions mentioned in the text? | The section containing those provisions was declared invalid in Minerva Mills Ltd. and Others Vs. Union of India and Others (1980). |
What power did Parliament have during a five-year period from the Constitution's commencement regarding certain matters? | Parliament had the power to make laws concerning specified matters as if they were in the Concurrent List. |
Name three types of goods that fell under the temporary powers granted to Parliament. | These include cotton and woollen textiles, food-stuffs, and coal. |
What would happen to a law made by Parliament under this article if it was not competent otherwise? | It would cease to have effect upon the expiration of the period, except regarding things done or omitted before that time. |
What was one limitation on Parliament's power concerning Jammu and Kashmir? | The provisions of article 238 did not apply in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. |
Who was recognized as the Government of the State for the purposes of Article 370 initially? | The person recognized by the President as the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers. |
What special responsibility did the Governor have regarding Maharashtra or Gujarat? | The Governor was responsible for establishing separate development boards, equitable fund allocation, and arranging technical education facilities in specific areas. |
What is a special provision concerning Nagaland under Article 371A? | No Act of Parliament regarding religious or social practices, Naga customary law, justice involving customary law, or land ownership shall apply unless the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland resolves so. |
What is the restriction placed on making an order regarding the removal of difficulty in Nagaland? | No such order shall be made after the expiration of three years from the date of the formation of the State of Nagaland. |
What do Kohima, Mokokchung, and Tuensang districts mean within this article? | They have the same meanings as in the State of Nagaland Act, 1962. |
What power does the President possess regarding the State of Assam under Article 371B? | The President may provide for the constitution and functions of a committee of the Legislative Assembly of the State. |
What must all courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction continue to exercise subject to? | They must continue to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution. |
For the purpose of bringing laws into accord with the Constitution, what power does the President possess regarding laws in force in the territory of India? | The President may by order make necessary adaptations and modifications of such law. |
What is a limitation on the President's power to adapt laws under Article 372? | Nothing in clause (2) shall be deemed to empower the President to make any adaptation or modification after the expiration of three years from the commencement of this Constitution. |
What must happen to all suits, appeals and proceedings pending in the Federal Court at the commencement of this Constitution? | They shall stand removed to the Supreme Court, which shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine them. |
What is required for a High Court Judge in any Province holding office before the commencement of this Constitution to become? | Such a judge must become on that commencement the Judges of the High Court in the corresponding State, unless they have elected otherwise. |
What is one aspect of the special provision regarding the Legislative Assembly of Mizoram? | The Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram shall consist of not less than forty members. |
What must the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh do in relation to law and order in the state? | The Governor shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order, exercising his individual judgment after consulting the Council of Ministers. |
What is a requirement for the Legislative Assembly of Goa? | The Legislative Assembly of the State of Goa shall consist of not less than thirty members. |
What must be transferred to the Supreme Court regarding appeals pending before the Privy Council in a specified state? | All appeals and other proceedings pending before the said authority at such commencement shall be transferred to, and disposed of by, the Supreme Court. |
What must Judges of the Federal Court holding office immediately before the commencement of this Constitution become? | They shall become on that commencement the Judges of the Supreme Court, unless they have elected otherwise. |
What is stated about the expression “Judge” in this article? | The expression “Judge” does not include an acting Judge or an additional Judge. |
Who shall become the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India if they were the Auditor-General of India before the Constitution's commencement? | They shall become the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India unless they have elected otherwise. |
How long must members of the Public Service Commission for the Dominion of India continue to hold office? | They shall continue until the expiration of their term of office as determined under the rules applicable immediately before such commencement. |
What is the special provision regarding the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh? | It shall continue for a period of five years from the date referred to in section 29 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, and no longer. |
What power does the President have regarding difficulties in transitioning from the Government of India Act, 1935, to this Constitution? | The President may direct that the Constitution shall have effect subject to necessary adaptations. |
Who could exercise powers conferred on the President by this article before the commencement of the Constitution? | These powers could be exercised by the Governor-General of the Dominion of India. |
What is the short title of this Constitution? | This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India. |
When do the remaining provisions of this Constitution come into force? | The remaining provisions shall come into force on the twenty-sixth day of January, 1950. |
What is one of the repealed acts mentioned in Article 395? | The Indian Independence Act, 1947, and the Government of India Act, 1935 are hereby repealed. |
Which territory is listed as entry 2 in the First Schedule? | Assam is listed as entry 2, comprising territories from the Province of Assam, the Khasi States, and the Assam Tribal Areas. |
What was Manipur administered as immediately before the commencement of this Constitution? | Manipur was administered as if it were a Chief Commissioner’s Province. |
When were entries 8 to 14 renumbered as entries 9 to 15 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960? | This renumbering occurred effective from May 1, 1960. |
What was Sikkim comprised of immediately before the commencement of the Constitution? | Sikkim was comprised in Sikkim. |
What territory is specified in section 3 of the Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganisation Act, 1987? | Goa is one of the territories specified in that act. |
What was the salary paid to the President per mensem according to the text? | The salary for the President was 50,000 rupees as amended by the President’s Emoluments and Pension (Amendment) Act, 1998. |
What is the rate paid to any other Judge of a High Court per mensem? | The salary for any other Judge of a High Court is 26,000 rupees as amended by the High Court and Supreme Court Judges (Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 1998. |
What was paid to the Governor of a State per mensem? | The salary for the Governor of a State is 36,000 rupees as amended by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Amendment Act, 1998. |
What was the Chief Justice's salary at the Supreme Court per mensem? | The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court receives a salary of 33,000 rupees as amended by the High Court and Supreme Court Judges (Conditions of Service) Amendment Act, 1998. |
What was the territory which immediately before the commencement of this Constitution comprised in the Chief Commissioner’s Province of Delhi? | Delhi is the territory that was comprised in the Chief Commissioner’s Province of Delhi. |
What were the emoluments paid to the President and Governors of States, besides the specified amounts? | They are also paid allowances as were payable to the Governor-General of the Dominion of India and to the Governors of the corresponding Provinces immediately before the commencement of this Constitution. |
What is one component of 'actual service' for a Judge as defined in this text? | Time spent by a Judge on duty or in performing functions requested by the President is included in actual service. |
What must be done if a person who was Chief Justice before the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, becomes the Chief Justice of a State specified in the Schedule? | They are entitled to receive the same allowance as they were receiving in addition to their salary. |
What is the prescribed salary rate for the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India? | The salary shall be at a rate of four thousand rupees per mensem. |
What must be done if a person who was the Auditor-General before this Constitution becomes the Comptroller and Auditor-General? | They are entitled to receive special pay equivalent to the difference between the specified salary and their previous salary. |
What is one of the conditions that govern the rights in respect of leave of absence for the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India? | These rights are governed by the provisions applicable to the Auditor-General immediately before the Constitution's commencement. |
What does the expression 'Chief Justice' include within this Part? | The expression 'Chief Justice' includes an acting Chief Justice. |
How many seats are allotted to Maharashtra in the Council of States according to the table provided? | Maharashtra is allotted 19 seats. |
What must a Governor do regarding Scheduled Areas in each State? | The Governor must annually, or when required by the President, make a report to the President about the administration of the Scheduled Areas. |
What is the composition requirement for a Tribes Advisory Council? | It must consist of not more than twenty members, and as nearly as possible, three-fourths of them should be representatives of the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly. |
Which states are explicitly excluded from the definition of 'State' in this Schedule? | The States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram do not include the expression 'State'. |
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