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What is one type of expenditure that does not need to be submitted to the vote of Parliament? | Expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India shall not be submitted to the vote of Parliament. |
What power does the House of the People have regarding expenditures submitted as demands for grants? | The House of the People has the power to assent to, or refuse to assent to, any demand for a grant. |
Who must recommend a demand for a grant? | No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the President. |
What is introduced after grants under article 113 are made by the House of the People? | A Bill to provide for the appropriation out of the Consolidated Fund of India of all moneys required to meet the grants and the expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India. |
What is one condition under which money can be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund of India? | Money can only be withdrawn if there is an appropriation made by law passed in accordance with the provisions of article 113. |
Under what circumstances may the President cause a statement or demand to be presented to the House of the People? | This can happen if authorized amounts are insufficient for a service, or if money has been spent in excess of the amount granted for that service. |
What power does the House of the People have regarding grants in advance? | The House of the People may make any grant in advance for estimated expenditure pending the completion of procedures under article 113 and the passing of the law under article 114. |
What is one qualification for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court? | A person must be a citizen of India and either have been a Judge of a High Court or an advocate of a High Court for a specified period. |
Who appoints every Judge of the Supreme Court? | The President appoints every Judge of the Supreme Court by warrant under his hand and seal. |
How must a Judge of the Supreme Court be removed from office? | A Judge can only be removed by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by specific majorities. |
What must every person appointed to be a Judge of the Supreme Court do before entering office? | The person must make and subscribe an oath or affirmation before the President or someone appointed by him, according to the form in the Third Schedule. |
What is one consequence for a person who has held office as a Judge of the Supreme Court? | Such a person shall not plead or act in any court or before any authority within the territory of India. |
Who determines the salaries for the Judges of the Supreme Court? | Parliament may determine the salaries by law, and until such provision is made, the salaries specified in the Second Schedule apply. |
What must be done if the office of Chief Justice of India is vacant or unable to perform duties? | The President may appoint one of the other Judges of the Court to perform the duties of that office. |
Under what conditions can a High Court Judge be requested as an ad hoc Judge for the Supreme Court? | This can happen if there is no quorum of Judges available, and it requires the consent of the President and consultation with the Chief Justice of the concerned High Court. |
What must a person who has held the office of a Judge of the Supreme Court or Federal Court be entitled to when requested by the Chief Justice of India? | They shall be entitled to allowances as the President may determine and have all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of a Supreme Court Judge while acting. |
What power does the Supreme Court possess regarding itself? | The Supreme Court is a court of record and has all the powers of such a court, including the power to punish for contempt of itself. |
Who appoints the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India? | The President appoints the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India by warrant under his hand and seal. |
How can the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India be removed from office? | They can only be removed in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. |
What must a person appointed as the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India do before entering office? | The person must make and subscribe an oath or affirmation before the President or someone appointed by him. |
Who is responsible for submitting reports relating to the accounts of the Union? | The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India submits these reports to the President. |
To whom are the reports relating to a State's accounts submitted by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India? | These reports are submitted to the Governor of the State. |
Who appoints the Governor for each State? | The President appoints the Governor by warrant under his hand and seal. |
What is the term of office for a Governor? | A Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President, but must hold office for a term of five years from the date he enters upon his office. |
What are two qualifications required for appointment as Governor? | The person must be a citizen of India and have completed the age of thirty-five years. |
What happens to a member of Parliament or State Legislature who is appointed Governor? | If they are appointed Governor, they are deemed to have vacated their seat in that House on the date they enter office as Governor. |
Who exercises the executive power of the State? | The executive power of the State is vested in the Governor and is exercised by him directly or through subordinate officers. |
What must every Governor or person discharging the functions of the Governor do before entering office? | They must make and subscribe to an oath or affirmation in the presence of the Chief Justice of the High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to the State, or the senior most Judge of that Court available. |
What is one power granted to the Governor of a State regarding punishments? | The Governor has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of an offence. |
What is the executive power of a State subject to? | It is subject to and limited by the executive power expressly conferred by this Constitution or by any law made by Parliament upon the Union or authorities thereof. |
Who must be at the head of the Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Governor? | The Chief Minister must be at the head of the Council of Ministers. |
What is a key aspect regarding the advice tendered by Ministers to the Governor? | The question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the Governor shall not be inquired into in any court. |
Who appoints the Chief Minister, and who appoints other Ministers? | The Governor shall appoint the Chief Minister, and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. |
What is a requirement for a Minister regarding their membership in the Legislature? | A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member of the Legislature of the State shall cease to be a Minister at the expiration of that period. |
What must all executive action of the Government of a State be expressed in? | All executive action of the Government of a State shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the Governor. |
How many Houses can a State Legislature have, according to Article 168(1)? | A State Legislature can have two Houses or one House. |
What is the minimum number of members required for the Legislative Assembly of each State? | The Legislative Assembly of each State shall consist of not less than sixty members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the State. |
What is the duration for every Legislative Assembly of every State unless sooner dissolved? | A Legislative Assembly shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. |
How can the period of a state's legislative assembly be extended during a Proclamation of Emergency? | Parliament may extend the period by law for a time not exceeding one year at a time, and not beyond six months after the Proclamation ceases to operate. |
What is the duration of the Legislative Council of a State? | The Legislative Council of a State shall not be subject to dissolution. |
How often must approximately one-third of the members of a state's Legislative Council retire? | As nearly as possible, one-third of the members must retire on the expiration of every second year. |
What is a qualification for a person to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State? | The person must be a citizen of India and subscribe to an oath or affirmation before an authorized person from the Election Commission. |
What are the age requirements for membership in the Legislative Assembly versus the Legislative Council? | For the Legislative Assembly, the age requirement is not less than twenty-five years, and for the Legislative Council, it is not less than thirty years. |
What must the Governor do regarding the State Legislature at the commencement of the first session after a general election? | The Governor shall address the Legislative Assembly or both Houses assembled together and inform the Legislature of the causes of its summons. |
Who has the right to speak in the proceedings of the Legislative Assembly? | Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State have the right to speak in, and take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly. |
What must be chosen by the Legislative Assembly as soon as possible regarding its leadership? | The Assembly shall choose two members to be respectively Speaker and Deputy Speaker thereof. |
Who is responsible for setting the salaries and allowances for the legislative officers? | The Legislature of the State by law must fix the salaries and allowances, or until provision is made, those specified in the Second Schedule. |
What must every member of a State's Legislative Assembly or Council do before taking their seat? | They must make and subscribe an oath or affirmation before the Governor or a person appointed by him, according to the form in the Third Schedule. |
How are questions determined at any sitting of a State's House of Legislature, unless otherwise provided? | They are determined by a majority vote of the members present and voting, excluding the Speaker or Chairman. |
What power does the Speaker or Chairman have in case of an equality of votes? | The Speaker or Chairman has and exercises a casting vote. |
What is the quorum required to constitute a meeting of a State's House of Legislature until the Legislature provides otherwise? | The quorum is ten members or one-tenth of the total number of members of the House, whichever is greater. |
What must the Speaker or Chairman do if there is no quorum during a meeting of a State's Legislature? | They must either adjourn the House or suspend the meeting until a quorum exists. |
Under what conditions does a person become disqualified for being chosen as a member of a State's Legislative Assembly or Council? | Disqualifications include holding certain offices of profit under the Government, being of unsound mind, or being an undischarged insolvent. |
What is the penalty for a member who sits or votes before complying with Article 188 or when unqualified? | The penalty is five hundred rupees for each day they so sit or vote, recovered as a debt due to the State. |
What is guaranteed regarding speech in every State's Legislature? | There shall be freedom of speech in the Legislature of every State, subject to constitutional provisions and procedural rules. |
What must a Money Bill be transmitted to after being passed by a State's Legislative Assembly with a Council? | It must be transmitted to the Legislative Council for its recommendations. |
How long does the Legislative Council have to return a Money Bill from the Legislative Assembly? | The Legislative Council must return the bill within fourteen days of receiving it. |
What is one example of expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State? | The emoluments and allowances of the Governor are an example of expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State. |
When must a Bill be presented to the Governor after being passed by the Legislature of a State or both Houses? | It must be presented to the Governor, and he shall declare whether he assents, withholds assent, or reserves it for the President. |
What is one condition under which a Bill is not considered a Money Bill? | A Bill does not have to be a Money Bill if it provides for the imposition of fines or other pecuniary penalties. |
Who's decision is final regarding whether a Bill introduced in a State Legislature with a Legislative Council is a Money Bill? | The decision of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of that State is final. |
What must be endorsed on every Money Bill when it is transmitted to the Legislative Council or presented to the Governor for assent? | The certificate of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly signed by him stating that it is a Money Bill must be endorsed. |
What can the Governor do if a Bill is not a Money Bill when he receives it for assent? | He may return the Bill with a message requesting that the House or Houses reconsider it. |
When must an Appropriation Bill be introduced after grants are made by the Assembly? | An Appropriation Bill must be introduced as soon as possible after the grants under article 203 have been made by the Assembly. |
What is one type of expenditure that must be shown separately in the estimates of expenditure? | The sums required to meet expenditure described as expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of the State must be shown separately. |
Under what condition can a Legislative Assembly make a grant in advance for part of a financial year's estimated expenditure? | A grant in advance can be made pending the completion of the procedure prescribed in article 203 and the passing of the law under article 204. |
What must business in the Legislature of a State be conducted in, subject to certain provisions? | Business shall be transacted in the official language or languages of the State or in Hindi or in English. |
What is the restriction regarding discussion in a State Legislature concerning the conduct of a Supreme Court or High Court Judge? | No discussion shall take place in the Legislature of a State regarding the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in discharging their duties. |
What is one aspect of the validity of proceedings in a State Legislature that courts are not required to question? | The validity of any proceedings in the Legislature of a State shall not be called in question on the ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure. |
Under what condition may the Governor promulgate Ordinances when the Legislative Assembly is not in session? | If the Governor is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such Ordinances. |
What must be true regarding a Bill before the Governor can promulgate an Ordinance if the bill would have required Presidential sanction? | The Governor shall not promulgate any such Ordinance if a Bill containing the same provisions would under this Constitution have required the previous sanction of the President for its introduction into the Legislature. |
What is the effect of an Ordinance promulgated under Article 213(1)? | An Ordinance promulgated under this article shall have the same force and effect as an Act of the Legislature of the State assented to by the Governor. |
How long must an Ordinance cease to operate after it is laid before the Legislative Assembly or both Houses? | It shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the Legislature, or if a disapproving resolution is passed. |
Who appoints every High Court as per Article 216? | The President appoints every High Court for each State. |
What must be true about a person to be qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court according to Article 217(2)? | A person must be a citizen of India and either have held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least ten years or been an advocate of a High Court for at least ten years. |
Who appoints a Judge of a High Court? | The President appoints a Judge of a High Court by warrant under his hand and seal after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and the Chief Justice of the High Court (for non-Chief Judges). |
What must every person appointed to be a Judge of a High Court do before entering office? | Every person appointed shall make and subscribe before the Governor of the State, or someone appointed by him, an oath or affirmation. |
What is one aspect of the jurisdiction of existing High Courts regarding revenue matters? | A restriction on the exercise of original jurisdiction by any High Court concerning revenue or acts related to collection no longer applies. |
What power does every High Court have within its territories, as per Article 226(1)? | Every High Court has the power to issue directions, orders, or writs to any person or authority for the enforcement of rights conferred by Part III. |
What types of writs can a High Court issue under Article 226? | These include habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, certiorari, or any of them. |
When may the power granted by Article 226(1) be exercised in relation to a Union territory? | It can be exercised by any High Court exercising jurisdiction where the cause of action arises, even if the seat of the authority or residence of the person is outside those territories. |
What must a party do to apply for the vacation of an interim order made in proceedings under Article 226(1)? | The party must furnish copies of the petition and all supporting documents, and give the other party an opportunity to be heard. |
What is the High Court's power regarding all courts within its territories? | Every High Court shall have superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction. |
Who appoints district judges in any State? | The Governor of the State makes appointments, in consultation with the High Court exercising jurisdiction in that State. |
What is required for a person not already in service to be eligible for appointment as a district judge? | They must have been an advocate or a pleader for at least seven years and be recommended by the High Court. |
Who controls over district courts and subordinate courts within a State's judicial service? | The control is vested in the High Court, including posting, promotion, and granting leave to persons in the judicial service below the post of district judge. |
What must be done regarding the administrative expenses of a High Court? | These expenses, including salaries and pensions, shall be charged upon the Consolidated Fund of the State. |
What does the expression "district judge" include according to the text? | The expression "district judge" includes various judicial posts such as judge of a city civil court, additional district judge, and sessions judge. |
What is defined as "judicial service" in this context? | "Judicial service" means a service consisting exclusively of persons intended to fill the post of district judge and other civil judicial posts inferior to the post of district judge. |
What power does the Governor have regarding the provisions of this Chapter? | The Governor may direct that the provisions of this Chapter and any related rules apply to certain classes of magistrates by public notification. |
Who administers every Union territory, save as otherwise provided by Parliament by law? | Every Union territory shall be administered by the President acting through an administrator appointed by him. |
What can Parliament do regarding Puducherry? | Parliament may by law create a body to function as a Legislature or a Council of Ministers, or both for the Union territory of Puducherry. |
What is designated as the Lieutenant Governor of the National Capital Territory? | The administrator of the Capital Territory of Delhi is designated as the Lieutenant Governor. |
Who appoints the Chief Minister of the National Capital Territory? | The President shall appoint the Chief Minister. |
What must the Council of Ministers be collectively responsible to? | The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly. |
Under what condition can the President suspend provisions of Article 239AA? | The President may suspend provisions if a situation arises where the administration of the National Capital Territory cannot be carried on according to Article 239AA. |
What power does the President have regarding regulations for Puducherry? | The President may make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of Puducherry. |
What can Parliament do regarding a High Court for a Union territory? | Parliament may by law constitute a High Court for a Union territory or declare any court in such a territory to be a High Court for certain purposes. |
To what are the provisions of Chapter V of Part VI applicable regarding High Courts for Union territories? | They shall apply as they apply in relation to a High Court referred to in article 214, subject to modifications or exceptions provided by Parliament. |
What is defined as 'Gram Sabha' in this Part? | 'Gram Sabha' means a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village within the area of Panchayat at the village level. |
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