GenAI-Hate-Bench

This is the GenAI-Hate-Bench dataset curated in the ACM CCS 2026 paper Does AI Amplify Online Hate? A Multi-Modal Measurement Study on 4chan's /pol/.

It contains 4,000 hate speech samples, 2,000 human-written and 2,000 AI-generated, in two splits of 2,000. The hf split is assembled from two existing public datasets. The 4chan split pairs real /pol/ posts against LLM rewrites of the same posts.

The dataset is used to support research on:

• AI-generated text detection on hateful, adversarial, user-generated content;
• human–AI comparison in hate speech production.

Data Structure

eval_set.jsonl, one JSON object per line:

{"idx": 0, "text": "...", "label": "ai",
 "source": "HateBenchSet/gpt3", "split": "hf"}

idx 0–3999 · label human | ai · split hf | 4chan · source the originating dataset or generating model. Rows are shuffled.

Data Sources

Split	Label	Source	n
hf	human	Measuring Hate Speech (Kennedy et al., 2020)	1,000
hf	ai	HateBenchSet — GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Vicuna, Baichuan2, Dolly2, OPT	1,000
4chan	human	4chan /pol/ posts	1,000
4chan	ai	rewrites of those posts — GPT-4.1-mini, Gemini 2.0 Flash, Llama 3.3 70B	1,000

hf. Measuring Hate Speech is deduplicated and filtered to hateful comments, HateBenchSet to hate_label == 1. 1,000 are drawn uniformly at random from each.

4chan. /pol/ posts from 2018–2021, cleaned of quote links, URLs, HTML tags and leading >. Unlike hf, these carry no per-post hate label: they are sampled from the board as it is, so the split reflects the mix of slurs, conspiracy and ordinary political argument that /pol/ actually produces. Each post was rewritten by GPT-4.1-mini, Gemini 2.0 Flash and Llama 3.3 70B under a prompt asking for the same message, tone and stance in 4chan register.

Ethical Considerations

The 4chan split is collected from publicly posted content on /pol/, an anonymous imageboard where posts carry no author identity by design.

This dataset is intended for research purposes only.

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:

@inproceedings{SSZ26,
  author    = {Shao, Bo and Shen, Xinyue and Zhang, Yang},
  title     = {{Does AI Amplify Online Hate? A Multi-Modal Measurement Study on 4chan's /pol/}},
  booktitle = {{ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS)}},
  publisher = {ACM},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.1145/3830454.3846752}
}