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# Runtime support for programming SPI boot flash over the network.
# Also ties into the FPGA runtime-reboot mechanism.
# The gateware that this python code communicates with has nothing
# to do with the usual LBNL local bus! Rather, spi_flash.v is its
# own plugin to Packet Badger, with its own UDP port (typically 804).
# Additional use-case documentation in ../flash.md.
# Historical notes about network setup on Linux
# ifconfig eth0 up 192.168.21.1
# route add -net 192.168.8.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
# also see ~/llrf/eth_2012/lantest
# and ~/llrf/eth_2012/UDP_TxRx_test.lua
# Typical flash chips:
# Winbond W25X16, W25X32, W25X64
# See w25x.pdf and spi_flash_engine.v
# Cypress S25FL128S, S25FL256S
# See s25fl128s.pdf
# XC7A100T on Marble-Mini: bitfile is 3727 kBytes
# XC7K160T on Marble: bitfile is 6536 kBytes
# with 128 Mbit = 16 Mbyte flash chip,
# use TBPROT=1 BP2=1 BP1=1 BP0=0 to protect the lower half (8192 kByte),
# since Xilinx FPGAs SPI-boot from address zero.
import socket
import struct
import time
import logging
import sys
import os
import binascii
# Work towards compatibility with both python2 and python3
def bafromhex(bs):
return bytearray(binascii.unhexlify(bs))
def hexfromba(ba):
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
return binascii.hexlify(ba)
else:
return ba.hex()
EXPERT = False # not externally documented
default_bp_bits = 5 # 101 = protect lower 1/4 (see Section 8.3, Table 41)
# that makes sense now that our golden images are compressed to ~2 MB
default_sr1 = 0x80 | (default_bp_bits << 2) # Set SRWD bit. This byte used to be 0x98, now 0x94
# prefix
MSG_PREFIX = bafromhex(b'5201') # 52 01
CHK_PREFIX = bafromhex(b'5200') # 52 00
# instruction set
RELEASE_PD = bafromhex(b'01ab') # 01 ab Release Power Down
READ_STATUS_1 = bafromhex(b'020500') # 05 dd Read Status Register
READ_STATUS_2 = bafromhex(b'023500')
READ_JEDEC_ID = bafromhex(b'049f000000') # 9F dd dd dd Read JEDEC ID (RDID)
READ_DEVICE_ID = bafromhex(b'06900000000000') # 90 00 00 00 dd dd Read Device ID
READ_CONFIG_REG = bafromhex(b'023500') # 35 dd Read Configuration Register
CLEAR_STATUS = bafromhex(b'0130') # 30 Clear Status Register
RESET_CHIP = bafromhex(b'01f0') # f0 Software reset
ERASE_SECTOR = bafromhex(b'0420') # 20 nn nn nn Erase Sector (4kB)
ERASE_BLOCK_32 = bafromhex(b'0452') # 52 nn nn nn Erase Block (32kB)
ERASE_BLOCK_64 = bafromhex(b'04d8') # d8 nn nn nn Erase Block (64kB)
READ_FAST = bafromhex(b'0d0b') # 0b nn nn nn Fast Read (261 bytes)
READ_DATA = bafromhex(b'0c03') # 03 nn nn nn Read Data (260 bytes)
PAGE_PROG = bafromhex(b'0c02') # 02 nn nn nn dd Page program (260 bytes)
WRITE_DISABLE = bafromhex(b'0104') # 04 Write Disable
WRITE_ENABLE = bafromhex(b'0106') # 06 Write Enable (WREN)
WRITE_STATUS = bafromhex(b'0201') # 01 dd Write Status Register (WRR)
WRITE_CONFIG = bafromhex(b'0301') # 01 dd dd Write Status and Config (WRR)
READ_OTP = bafromhex(b'0d4b') # 4b nn nn nn Like Fast Read (261 bytes)
# ICAP_SPARTAN6 commands
# UG380 table 7-1
ICAP_DUMMY = bafromhex(b'ffff') # DUMMY
ICAP_SYNC_H = bafromhex(b'aa99')
ICAP_SYNC_L = bafromhex(b'5566')
ICAP_W_GEN1 = bafromhex(b'3261')
ICAP_W_GEN2 = bafromhex(b'3281')
ICAP_W_GEN3 = bafromhex(b'32a1')
ICAP_W_GEN4 = bafromhex(b'32c1')
ICAP_W_CMD = bafromhex(b'30a1')
ICAP_IPROG = bafromhex(b'000e')
ICAP_NOOP = bafromhex(b'2000') # NO OP for IPROG
# GENERAL 3,4, where Golden image lives
# GOLDEN_AD = 0x10000
GOLDEN_AD = 0x0
# addressing information of target
# grep "ip =" board_support/xilinx/ether_mc.vh
IPADDR = 'localhost'
PORTNUM = 4000
WAIT = 0.05
PAGE = 256
# Reverse bits within a byte
def byterev(n):
unib = n >> 4
lnib = n & 0x0f
mapper = "084c2a6e195d3b7f" # bit-reversed nibble lookup
return (mapper[lnib] + mapper[unib]).decode('hex')
def do_message(s, p, verbose=False):
pp = MSG_PREFIX + bytearray(p)
if verbose:
print("sending " + hexfromba(pp))
s.send(pp)
rr, addr = s.recvfrom(1024) # buffer size is 1024 bytes
rr = bytearray(rr)
r_status = rr[1]
if verbose:
print("initiator: status %d, length %d" % (r_status, len(rr)))
# status 2: accepted command, not done
# status 0: rejected command, still not done with previous one
# status 1: rejected command, but at least the previous one is done
retries = 0
while r_status != 1:
time.sleep(WAIT)
flusher = CHK_PREFIX + bytearray(len(p) * [0])
s.send(flusher)
rr, addr = s.recvfrom(1024) # buffer size is 1024 bytes
rr = bytearray(rr)
r_status = rr[1]
retries += 1
if verbose:
print("retry %d: status %d, length %d" % (retries, r_status, len(rr)))
if verbose:
print("received " + hexfromba(rr))
if verbose or rr[0] != 0x51:
print("rtype = 0x%02x (expected 0x51)" % rr[0])
r = rr[2:]
return r, addr
# Read Manufacturer ID, JEDEC ID and Device ID
def read_id(s):
logging.info('Reading ID...')
p = READ_STATUS_1 + READ_STATUS_2 + READ_STATUS_1 + READ_JEDEC_ID + READ_DEVICE_ID
r, addr = do_message(s, p, verbose=False)
manu_id = r[len(r) - 2]
dev_id = r[len(r) - 1]
capacity = r[len(r) - 8]
mem_type = r[len(r) - 9]
logging.debug('From: %s \n Tx length: %d\n Rx length: %d\n' % (addr, len(p), len(r)))
manu_list = {1: "Cypress"}
manu_name = manu_list[manu_id] if manu_id in manu_list else "Unknown"
cap_list = {0x18: "128 Mb", 0x19: "256 Mb"}
cap_name = cap_list[capacity] if capacity in cap_list else "Unknown"
print('Manufacturer ID: %02x (%s)' % (manu_id, manu_name))
print('Device ID: %02x' % dev_id)
print('Memory Type: %02x' % mem_type)
print('Capacity: %02x (%s)' % (capacity, cap_name))
return
# Read status reg 1, twice for good measure
def read_status_config(s, verbose=False):
p = READ_CONFIG_REG + 2 * READ_STATUS_1
r, addr = do_message(s, p, verbose=False)
status_reg = r[len(r) - 1]
config_reg = r[len(r) - 1 - 2 * len(READ_STATUS_1)]
if verbose:
print("CONFIG_REG (CR1) = 0x%2.2x" % config_reg)
bits = ["LC1", "LC0", "TBPROT", "DNU", "BPNV", "TBPARM", "QUAD", "FREEZE"]
for ix, b in enumerate(bits):
v = (config_reg >> (7 - ix)) & 1
print("%8s %d" % (b, v))
logging.debug('From: %s \n Tx length: %d\n Rx length: %d\n' % (addr, len(p), len(r)))
logging.info('Check Status Reg: %02x' % status_reg)
return status_reg, config_reg
# 20 nn nn nn Sector Erase (4 kB)
# 05 rr Read status register until completion, S0=0
def erase_mem(s, ad, size):
if size == 'SECTOR':
p = ERASE_SECTOR
elif size == '32KB':
p = ERASE_BLOCK_32
elif size == '64KB':
p = ERASE_BLOCK_64
else:
logging.error('Wrong buffer size to erase.')
logging.info('Erasing %s at address 0x%x...' % (size, ad))
pp = p + three_bytes(ad) + 5 * READ_STATUS_1
r, addr = do_message(s, pp)
status_reg = r[-1]
logging.debug('From: %s \n Tx length: %d\n Rx length: %d\n' % (addr, len(pp), len(r)))
logging.debug('Check Status Reg: %x' % status_reg)
return ~status_reg
# 06/04 Write Enable/Disable
# 05 rr Read status register until completion, S0=0
def write_enable(s, enable):
if enable is True:
p = WRITE_ENABLE
logging.debug('Enabling Write Register')
else:
p = WRITE_DISABLE
logging.debug('Disabling Write Register')
pp = p + 6 * READ_STATUS_1
r, addr = do_message(s, pp)
status_reg = r[-1]
logging.debug('From: %s \n Tx length: %d\n Rx length: %d\n' % (addr, len(pp), len(r)))
logging.debug('Check Write Enable Status Reg: %x' % status_reg)
if (status_reg & 0x60) != 0:
print("Aaaaugh! Errors reported in write_enable status reg 0x%2.2x" % status_reg)
exit()
return (status_reg & 0x3) == 0x2
# encode an integer as three bytes
# used to specify addresses when building SPI commands
def three_bytes(ad):
adx = struct.pack('!i', ad)
return bytearray(adx[1:4])
def page_read(s, ad, fast=False, otp=False):
if otp:
# 4b nn nn nn xx dd dd ... dd Fast Read (261 bytes)
# note padding byte between address and first data byte
p = READ_OTP + three_bytes(ad) + bytearray(257 * [0])
elif fast:
# 0b nn nn nn xx dd dd ... dd Fast Read (261 bytes)
# note padding byte between address and first data byte
p = READ_FAST + three_bytes(ad) + bytearray(257 * [0])
else:
# 03 nn nn nn xx dd ... dd Fast Read (260 bytes)
p = READ_DATA + three_bytes(ad) + bytearray(256 * [0])
r, addr = do_message(s, p)
if len(r) != len(p):
logging.warning('length error %d reading address %d\n' % (len(r), ad))
block = r[-256:]
return block
# C. Wolf's spiflash.v simulation of a W25Q128JV needs to hear this command
# before it will run normal commands
def power_up(s):
p = RELEASE_PD
r, addr = do_message(s, p)
return
# Needed after an attempt to erase or program a write-protected block
def clear_status(s):
p = CLEAR_STATUS
r, addr = do_message(s, p)
return
def prog_status(s):
good = True
clear_status(s)
status, cnf = read_status_config(s)
if (status & 0x3) != 0:
logging.info("Status 0x%2.2x: clear errors first" % status)
good = False
# require TBPROT set, BPNV clear
# ignore DNU and TBPARM at least for now
if (cnf & 0x28) != 0x20:
logging.info("CONFIG_REG 0x%2x OTP bits not good for programming!" % cnf)
good = False
return good, status, cnf
def set_block_protect(s, protect=True):
good = True
clear_status(s)
status, cnf = read_status_config(s)
status1 = status & 0xE3 # first clear all BP bits in our copy
if protect:
status1 = status1 | (default_bp_bits << 2)
write_status(s, status1)
time.sleep(0.3) # empirically needed,
read_id(s) # otherwise status2 comes back not updated
status2, cnf = read_status_config(s)
if status2 != status1:
logging.info("Failed to set status from 0x%2.2x to 0x%2.2x, now 0x%2.2x" % (status, status1, status2))
logging.info("Check Write-Protect switch")
good = False
return good, status, cnf
def enable_wp(s):
return set_block_protect(s, protect=True)
def disable_wp(s):
return set_block_protect(s, protect=False)
def set_prog(s, prog=True):
prog_good, _, _ = prog_status(s)
if not prog_good:
return False
protect = not prog
write_good, _, _ = set_block_protect(s, protect=protect)
if not write_good:
return False
return True
def enable_prog(s):
set_prog(s, prog=True)
def disable_prog(s):
set_prog(s, prog=False)
def check_prog(s):
good, status, cnf = prog_status(s)
logging.info('Status Reg: 0x%02x, Config Reg: 0x%02x' % (status, cnf))
if good and ((status & 0x1C) == 0):
print("Flash is writable")
return True
else:
print("Flash is NOT writable")
return False
# Not currently used
def reset_chip(s):
p = RESET_CHIP
r, addr = do_message(s, p)
return
def page_program(s, ad, bd):
# 256 bytes of data 'bd' to be written to page at address 'ad'
if len(bd) != PAGE:
logging.warning('length of data %d not equal to 256' % (len(bd)))
# pad with 0xff
pad = (PAGE - len(bd)) * bytearray(b'\xFF')
bd += pad
logging.warning('padded length now %d' % (len(bd)))
logging.debug('Page Programming at %d...', ad)
# sys.stdout.write('.')
p = PAGE_PROG + three_bytes(ad) + bd
r, addr = do_message(s, p)
time.sleep(0.00055)
logging.debug('From: %s \n Tx length: %d\n Rx length: %d\n' % (addr, len(p), len(r)))
return
# Write Status Register (and optionally Config)
def write_status(s, v, config=None):
clear_status(s)
if config is None:
p = WRITE_ENABLE + WRITE_STATUS + bytes([v])
else:
p = WRITE_ENABLE + WRITE_CONFIG + bytes([v, config])
pp = p + 7 * READ_STATUS_1
logging.info('Write Status')
r, addr = do_message(s, pp, verbose=True)
# Read flash content and dump
def flash_dump(s, file_name, ad, page_count, otp=False):
size = page_count << 8
logging.info('Dumping flash content from add 0x%x to add 0x%x into %s, length = 0x%x...'
% (ad, ad + size, file_name, size))
f = open(file_name, 'wb')
for ba in range(ad >> 8, (ad + size) >> 8):
bd = page_read(s, ba << 8, fast=False, otp=otp)
f.write(bd)
f.close()
return
# Verify that flash contents match local file
def remote_verify(s, file_name, ad, size):
start_p = ad >> 8
stop_p = ((ad + size - 1) >> 8) + 1
final_a = (stop_p << 8) + 255
logging.info('Verifying file %s to %s from add 0x%x to add 0x%x, length = 0x%x...'
% (file_name, IPADDR, ad, final_a, size))
f = open(file_name, 'rb')
ok = True
for ba in range(start_p, stop_p):
f.seek((ba << 8) - ad)
bd_file = f.read(PAGE)
bd = page_read(s, ba << 8, fast=False, otp=False)
if ba+1 == stop_p: # last block of file may be short
bd = bd[:len(bd_file)]
# print(ba, len(bd), len(bd_file), bd == bd_file)
if ba % 512 == 0:
sys.stdout.write(".")
sys.stdout.flush()
if bd != bd_file:
ok = False
break
sys.stdout.write("\n")
f.close()
return ok
# Read local file and write to flash from FF to 00
def remote_program(s, file_name, ad, size):
start_p = ad >> 8
# start_a = start_p << 8
stop_p = ((ad + size - 1) >> 8) + 1
final_a = (stop_p << 8) + 255
logging.info('Programming file %s to %s from add 0x%x to add 0x%x, length = 0x%x...'
% (file_name, IPADDR, ad, final_a, size))
f = open(file_name, 'rb')
# assume that '.bin' file size is always less than whole pages
for ba in reversed(range(start_p, stop_p)):
print("block %d\r" % ba, end='', flush=True)
f.seek((ba << 8) - ad)
bd = f.read(PAGE)
while not (write_enable(s, True)):
time.sleep(WAIT)
page_program(s, ba << 8, bd)
else:
print('')
f.close()
return
# Erase flash from 00 to FF, step 64KB
def remote_erase(s, ad, size):
start_p = ad >> 16
start_a = start_p << 16
stop_p = ((ad + size - 1) >> 16) + 1
final_a = (stop_p << 16) - 1
logging.info('Erasing flash %s from addr 0x%x to addr 0x%x, length = 0x%x...'
% (IPADDR, start_a, final_a, size))
for ba in range(start_p, stop_p):
while not (write_enable(s, True)):
time.sleep(WAIT)
erase_mem(s, ba << 16, '64KB')
return
# Specific to Spartan-6
def reboot_spartan6(s, ad):
logging.info('Rebooting FPGA %s to add 0x%x...' % (IPADDR, ad))
# 88ffffffffffffaa9955663261xxxx328103xx32a1xxxx32c103xx30a1000e
# p = '88ffffffffffffaa995566326100003281030132a1000032c1031030a1000e'.decode('hex')
p1 = bafromhex('88') + 3 * ICAP_DUMMY + ICAP_SYNC_H + ICAP_SYNC_L
ad1 = bytearray(struct.pack('!i', ad))
ad2 = bytearray(struct.pack('!i', GOLDEN_AD))
p2 = ICAP_W_GEN1 + ad1[2:4] + ICAP_W_GEN2 + bytearray([READ_DATA[1], ad1[1]])
p3 = ICAP_W_GEN3 + ad2[2:4] + ICAP_W_GEN4 + bytearray([READ_DATA[1], ad2[1]])
p4 = ICAP_W_CMD + ICAP_IPROG
p = p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + 113 * ICAP_NOOP
print(hexfromba(p))
if len(p) != 257:
print("internal error")
sys.exit()
s.send(MSG_PREFIX + p)
# if the reboot succeeds, we don't get an answer.
# could read with a timeout, as a way to report failure to reboot.
def reboot_7series(s, ad):
'''
ICAPE2 commands (7-series)
UG953? no, that just covers instantiation
XAPP1247? no
UG470? yes, see example in Table 5-18, Configuration Packets on p. 103,
and register address in Table 5-22.
FFFFFFFF dummy
AA995566 sync
20000000 Type 1 No Op
30020001 Type 1 Write 1 word to WBSTAR
00000000 Warm Boot Start Address
30008001 Type 1 Write 1 word to CMD
0000000F IPROG command
20000000 Type 1 No Op
Our hardware uses 16-bit access to ICAPE2, but that's kind of hidden
'''
wbstar = "%8.8x" % ad
# first command byte encodes payload length 256, route to ICAPE2
cmds = "88" + "FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFAA9955662000000030020001" + wbstar + "300080010000000F"
icape2_noop = "20000000"
print(cmds)
cmdb = bafromhex(cmds + 56 * icape2_noop)
if len(cmdb) != 257:
print("internal error")
sys.exit()
s.send(MSG_PREFIX + cmdb)
def main():
logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s:%(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Utility for working with SPI Flash chips attached to Packet Badger")
parser.add_argument('--ip', default='192.168.19.8', help='IP address')
parser.add_argument('--udp', type=int, default=804, help='UDP Port number')
if EXPERT:
parser.add_argument('-a', '--add', type=lambda x: int(x, 0), help='Flash offset address')
parser.add_argument('--upper', action='store_true', help="Use upper half of flash")
parser.add_argument('--pages', type=int, help='Number of 256-byte pages')
parser.add_argument('--mem_read', action='store_true', help='Read ROM info')
parser.add_argument('--id', action='store_true',
help='Read SPI flash chip identification and status')
parser.add_argument('--erase', type=lambda x: int(x, 0),
help='Number of 256-byte sectors to erase')
parser.add_argument('--power', action='store_true', help='power up the flash chip')
parser.add_argument('--program', type=str, help='File to be stored in SPI Flash')
parser.add_argument('--verify', action='store_true', help="just verify, don't program")
parser.add_argument('--dump', type=str, help='Dump flash memory contents into file')
parser.add_argument('--wait', default=0.001, type=float,
help='Wait time between consecutive writes (seconds)')
parser.add_argument('--otp', action='store_true',
help='Access One Time Programmable area of S25FL chip')
parser.add_argument('--clear_status', action='store_true',
help='Clear status (CLSR)')
parser.add_argument('--force_write_enable', action='store_true',
help='Configure flash to write normally protected blocks; only works if WE# pin is high')
parser.add_argument('--check_prog', action='store_true', help="Check if flash is writable")
if EXPERT:
parser.add_argument('--disable_wp', action='store_true', help="Disable Write-Protect mechanism")
parser.add_argument('--enable_wp', action='store_true', help="Enable Write-Protect mechanism")
parser.add_argument('--status_write', type=lambda x: int(x, 0),
help='A value to be written to status register (Experts only)')
parser.add_argument('--config_write', type=lambda x: int(x, 0),
help='A value to be written to the config register (Experts only)')
parser.add_argument('--config_init', action='store_true',
help='Set OTP bits to Marble default')
# TODO: Does the user really need to know this? Can this just be queried from the chip?
parser.add_argument('--reboot6', action='store_true',
help='Reboot chip using Xilinx Spartan6 ICAP primitive')
parser.add_argument('--reboot7', action='store_true',
help='Reboot chip using Xilinx 7-Series ICAPE2 primitive')
args = parser.parse_args()
# numeric_level = getattr(logging, "DEBUG", None)
# logging.basicConfig(level=numeric_level)
global IPADDR, PORTNUM, WAIT
IPADDR, PORTNUM, WAIT = args.ip, args.udp, args.wait
# initialize a socket, think of it as a cable
# SOCK_DGRAM specifies that this is UDP
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
# connect the socket, think of it as connecting the cable to the address location
sock.connect((IPADDR, PORTNUM))
# default starting address and length
ad = 8388608 if args.upper else 0
if EXPERT and args.add is not None:
ad = args.add
# 1814 for XC6SLX16, could also get this from JEDEC status?
page_count = 1814
page_count = 2
if args.pages is not None:
page_count = args.pages
if args.power:
power_up(sock)
if args.dump is not None:
flash_dump(sock, args.dump, ad, page_count, otp=args.otp)
if args.program is not None:
prog_file = args.program
fileinfo = os.stat(prog_file)
size = fileinfo.st_size
print("file size %d" % size)
if size > 7*1024*1024:
print("Too big!")
exit(1)
prog_good, _, _ = prog_status(sock)
if not prog_good:
exit(1)
if args.force_write_enable:
if args.verify:
print("Don't force and verify at the same time")
exit(1)
write_good = disable_wp(sock)
if not write_good:
exit(1)
if args.verify:
ok = remote_verify(sock, prog_file, ad, size)
print("Verify result is %s" % ("GOOD" if ok else "BAD"))
exit(0 if ok else 1)
else:
remote_erase(sock, ad, size)
remote_program(sock, prog_file, ad, size)
if args.force_write_enable:
enable_wp(sock) # back to what it was
if args.check_prog:
check_prog(sock)
if EXPERT and args.disable_wp is True:
enable_prog(sock)
if EXPERT and args.enable_wp is True:
enable_wp(sock) # can be used to recover messed-up BP bits?
if args.erase:
remote_erase(sock, ad, args.erase)
if args.clear_status:
clear_status(sock)
write_enable(sock, False)
clear_status(sock)
if args.id:
read_id(sock)
read_status_config(sock, verbose=True)
# TODO: Ignoring test_tx since no code path exists
if args.config_init:
print("Before:")
status, cnf = read_status_config(sock, verbose=True)
if (cnf != 0) and not EXPERT:
print("Unexpected CONFIG, aborting")
exit(1)
write_status(sock, default_sr1, config=0x24)
elif EXPERT and args.status_write is not None:
write_status(sock, args.status_write, config=args.config_write)
if args.reboot6:
reboot_spartan6(sock, ad)
elif args.reboot7:
reboot_7series(sock, ad)
logging.info('Done.')
# close the socket
sock.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
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