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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    TypeError
Message:      int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1531, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, record in generator:
                                     ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/webdataset/webdataset.py", line 127, in _generate_examples
                  for example_idx, example in enumerate(self._get_pipeline_from_tar(tar_path, tar_iterator)):
                                              ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/webdataset/webdataset.py", line 32, in _get_pipeline_from_tar
                  for filename, f in tar_iterator:
                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/track.py", line 49, in __iter__
                  for x in self.generator(*self.args):
                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 1400, in _iter_from_urlpath
                  with xopen(urlpath, "rb", download_config=download_config, block_size=0) as f:
                       ~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 977, in xopen
                  file_obj = fs.open(paths[0], mode)
                File "<string>", line 3, in open
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/unittest/mock.py", line 1176, in __call__
                  return self._mock_call(*args, **kwargs)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/unittest/mock.py", line 1180, in _mock_call
                  return self._execute_mock_call(*args, **kwargs)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/unittest/mock.py", line 1247, in _execute_mock_call
                  result = effect(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 786, in wrapped
                  tracker.files[urlpath] = {"read": 0, "size": int(f.size)}
                                                               ~~~^^^^^^^^
              TypeError: int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  )
                  ^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1393, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
                      gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                  ):
                  ^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1571, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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nc
unknown
__key__
string
__url__
string
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////xpHBQAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAADd0ItTT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/001b159747fe
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////0NcBAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAABdS8VaT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/001b4fe6a9dc
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////1eSBAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAADjYSFgT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/0052d761eef2
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////3blAgAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAABMSiDlT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/009e5284f951
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////3pqAwAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAADCrGsBT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/00a8f4347b51
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////xI4BQAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAABqeDknT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/00c24240afd1
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////35LBQAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAADRiEHaT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/00c8b32183ca
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////6wdBAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAC2frLuT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/00eba16a5a5e
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////ycxBAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAACXx7NNT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/0109a46c2076
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
"iUhERg0KGgoCCAgAAAAAAAAAAAD//////////7kqBAAAAAAAMAAAAAAAAAC6IH8JT0hEUgIMtAIiAAAAAAADEgAAAAAAAABrLQA(...TRUNCATED)
chips/2013/01364ed16414
"hf://datasets/Emulated-Inc/sci-tornado-detection-radar@231014b64242c347b794befb4619f4ef7fb4bdb7/chi(...TRUNCATED)
End of preview.

TorNet v1.1 last-frame radar chips, training days

The training-day samples of TorNet v1.1 (171,666 chips, 2013 to 2022), each reduced to its last frame: six WSR-88D Level-II variables (DBZ, VEL, KDP, RHOHV, ZDR, WIDTH) on the 0.5 and 0.9 degree sweeps and the range-folded mask, on the native polar grid (120 radials at 0.5 degree, 240 gates at 250 m), one NetCDF4 file per chip, in tar shards chips-<year>-<k>.tar holding chips/<year>/<chip_id>.nc. SHA256SUMS lists the shards' checksums.

The files carry no labels, EF ratings or Storm Events identifiers, and chips are renamed to arbitrary ids.

Source and licence

Veillette, M. S., Kurdzo, J. M., Stepanian, P. M., Cho, J. Y. N., Samsi, S. and McDonald, J. "A Benchmark Dataset for Tornado Detection and Prediction using Full-Resolution Polarimetric Weather Radar Data." Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems 4(1), 2025. TorNet v1.1, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Zenodo (doi:10.5281/zenodo.12636522 and the yearly records it lists), CC BY 4.0. "DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited." Labels upstream from the NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database.

Changes: last frame of four kept, values unchanged; labels and identifiers removed; files renamed; test-day samples left out. MIT Lincoln Laboratory does not endorse these changes.

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