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Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
name: string
title: string
description: string
version: string
created: timestamp[s]
homepage: string
keywords: list<item: string>
  child 0, item: string
licenses: list<item: struct<name: string, title: string, path: string>>
  child 0, item: struct<name: string, title: string, path: string>
      child 0, name: string
      child 1, title: string
      child 2, path: string
contributors: list<item: struct<title: string, role: string, path: string>>
  child 0, item: struct<title: string, role: string, path: string>
      child 0, title: string
      child 1, role: string
      child 2, path: string
sources: list<item: struct<title: string>>
  child 0, item: struct<title: string>
      child 0, title: string
resources: list<item: struct<name: string, type: string, path: string, scheme: string, format: string, mediatyp (... 150 chars omitted)
  child 0, item: struct<name: string, type: string, path: string, scheme: string, format: string, mediatype: string,  (... 138 chars omitted)
      child 0, name: string
      child 1, type: string
      child 2, path: string
      child 3, scheme: string
      child 4, format: string
      child 5, mediatype: string
      child 6, encoding: string
      child 7, schema: struct<fields: list<item: struct<name: string, type: string>>, missingValues: list<item: string>>
          child 0, fields: list<item: struct<name: string, type: string>>
              child 0, item: struct<name: string, type: string>
                  child 0, name: str
...
: stri (... 20 chars omitted)
  child 0, item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, contentUrl: string, encodingFormat: string, sha256: (... 8 chars omitted)
      child 0, @type: string
      child 1, @id: string
      child 2, name: string
      child 3, contentUrl: string
      child 4, encodingFormat: string
      child 5, sha256: string
citation: string
recordSet: list<item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, field: list<item: struct<@type: string,  (... 129 chars omitted)
  child 0, item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, field: list<item: struct<@type: string, @id: string (... 117 chars omitted)
      child 0, @type: string
      child 1, @id: string
      child 2, name: string
      child 3, field: list<item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, dataType: string, source: struct<fileObj (... 60 chars omitted)
          child 0, item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, dataType: string, source: struct<fileObject: struct (... 48 chars omitted)
              child 0, @type: string
              child 1, @id: string
              child 2, name: string
              child 3, dataType: string
              child 4, source: struct<fileObject: struct<@id: string>, extract: struct<column: string>>
                  child 0, fileObject: struct<@id: string>
                      child 0, @id: string
                  child 1, extract: struct<column: string>
                      child 0, column: string
url: string
to
{'@context': {'@vocab': Value('string'), 'cr': Value('string'), 'sc': Value('string'), 'dataType': {'@id': Value('string'), '@type': Value('string')}, 'field': Value('string'), 'fileObject': Value('string'), 'recordSet': Value('string'), 'source': Value('string'), 'extract': Value('string'), 'column': Value('string')}, '@type': Value('string'), 'cr:conformsTo': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'description': Value('string'), 'license': Value('string'), 'url': Value('string'), 'version': Value('string'), 'citation': Value('string'), 'keywords': List(Value('string')), 'distribution': List({'@type': Value('string'), '@id': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'contentUrl': Value('string'), 'encodingFormat': Value('string'), 'sha256': Value('string')}), 'recordSet': List({'@type': Value('string'), '@id': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'field': List({'@type': Value('string'), '@id': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'dataType': Value('string'), 'source': {'fileObject': {'@id': Value('string')}, 'extract': {'column': Value('string')}}})})}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 149, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 129, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 489, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2818, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2355, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2380, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 536, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 419, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2369, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2297, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              name: string
              title: string
              description: string
              version: string
              created: timestamp[s]
              homepage: string
              keywords: list<item: string>
                child 0, item: string
              licenses: list<item: struct<name: string, title: string, path: string>>
                child 0, item: struct<name: string, title: string, path: string>
                    child 0, name: string
                    child 1, title: string
                    child 2, path: string
              contributors: list<item: struct<title: string, role: string, path: string>>
                child 0, item: struct<title: string, role: string, path: string>
                    child 0, title: string
                    child 1, role: string
                    child 2, path: string
              sources: list<item: struct<title: string>>
                child 0, item: struct<title: string>
                    child 0, title: string
              resources: list<item: struct<name: string, type: string, path: string, scheme: string, format: string, mediatyp (... 150 chars omitted)
                child 0, item: struct<name: string, type: string, path: string, scheme: string, format: string, mediatype: string,  (... 138 chars omitted)
                    child 0, name: string
                    child 1, type: string
                    child 2, path: string
                    child 3, scheme: string
                    child 4, format: string
                    child 5, mediatype: string
                    child 6, encoding: string
                    child 7, schema: struct<fields: list<item: struct<name: string, type: string>>, missingValues: list<item: string>>
                        child 0, fields: list<item: struct<name: string, type: string>>
                            child 0, item: struct<name: string, type: string>
                                child 0, name: str
              ...
              : stri (... 20 chars omitted)
                child 0, item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, contentUrl: string, encodingFormat: string, sha256: (... 8 chars omitted)
                    child 0, @type: string
                    child 1, @id: string
                    child 2, name: string
                    child 3, contentUrl: string
                    child 4, encodingFormat: string
                    child 5, sha256: string
              citation: string
              recordSet: list<item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, field: list<item: struct<@type: string,  (... 129 chars omitted)
                child 0, item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, field: list<item: struct<@type: string, @id: string (... 117 chars omitted)
                    child 0, @type: string
                    child 1, @id: string
                    child 2, name: string
                    child 3, field: list<item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, dataType: string, source: struct<fileObj (... 60 chars omitted)
                        child 0, item: struct<@type: string, @id: string, name: string, dataType: string, source: struct<fileObject: struct (... 48 chars omitted)
                            child 0, @type: string
                            child 1, @id: string
                            child 2, name: string
                            child 3, dataType: string
                            child 4, source: struct<fileObject: struct<@id: string>, extract: struct<column: string>>
                                child 0, fileObject: struct<@id: string>
                                    child 0, @id: string
                                child 1, extract: struct<column: string>
                                    child 0, column: string
              url: string
              to
              {'@context': {'@vocab': Value('string'), 'cr': Value('string'), 'sc': Value('string'), 'dataType': {'@id': Value('string'), '@type': Value('string')}, 'field': Value('string'), 'fileObject': Value('string'), 'recordSet': Value('string'), 'source': Value('string'), 'extract': Value('string'), 'column': Value('string')}, '@type': Value('string'), 'cr:conformsTo': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'description': Value('string'), 'license': Value('string'), 'url': Value('string'), 'version': Value('string'), 'citation': Value('string'), 'keywords': List(Value('string')), 'distribution': List({'@type': Value('string'), '@id': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'contentUrl': Value('string'), 'encodingFormat': Value('string'), 'sha256': Value('string')}), 'recordSet': List({'@type': Value('string'), '@id': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'field': List({'@type': Value('string'), '@id': Value('string'), 'name': Value('string'), 'dataType': Value('string'), 'source': {'fileObject': {'@id': Value('string')}, 'extract': {'column': Value('string')}}})})}
              because column names don't match

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AFOS · South Korea 2025 Electoral Divergence

South Korea 2025, Electoral Divergence Dataset

Harvard Dataverse DOI

Open, auditable cross-reference of prediction market (Polymarket) × opinion polls × press for the 3 June 2025 South Korean snap presidential election, validated against the official result. Part of the AFOS Analytics validated-cases collection.

The case

Lee Jae-myung (Democratic Party) won with 49.42% of the vote, defeating Kim Moon-soo (People Power Party, 41.15%) and Lee Jun-seok (Reform Party, about 8.3%). The snap election followed Yoon Suk-yeol's martial-law crisis and his removal by the Constitutional Court.

The signal was strong and early: from early April the market already gave Lee about 80% probability of winning, rising to about 95% at the close, while polls measured his vote share around 46-49%. The market treated the race as decided, and it even nailed the victory margin (the "8-11pp" band; the actual margin was 8.27pp). With about US$290M in total volume, it was one of the largest election markets AFOS has tracked outside the US.

The market measures probability of winning; the poll measures vote share. That gap, candidate by candidate, is the AFOS signal, not a polling error.

Note: Korean law bars Koreans from betting on Polymarket, so the market volume is mostly international.

Files

  • data/south-korea-2025-market-odds-timeseries.csv, daily Polymarket win-probability per candidate (59 days, 2025-04-06 to 2025-06-03).
  • data/south-korea-2025-divergence.csv, market % vs poll % per candidate at the closing snapshot (2025-06-02).
  • data/south-korea-2025-structural-context.csv, World Bank governance (WGI) + macro/education (WDI).
  • data/south-korea-2025-poly-raw.json, raw Polymarket source (events + price history), fetched via the AFOS server-side proxy.
  • polls/south-korea-2025-polls.csv, full vote-intention series for the finalized race (82 polls, 36 pollsters, 12 May-3 June 2025), long format (one row per poll/candidate), parsed deterministically from the Wikipedia aggregation.
  • polls/south-korea-2025-polls.json, the same polls as structured JSON (per-poll, per-candidate).
  • news/south-korea-2025-press-coverage.csv, dated headlines from 5 Korean national outlets (Yonhap, Korea Herald, Korea Times, Korea JoongAng Daily, The Hankyoreh).

Sources

Polymarket (live odds via AFOS proxy), Korea opinion polls (36 pollsters, incl. Gallup Korea, KOPRA, Hangil, Jowon C&I, Media Tomato, Embrain, Metavoice) via the public Wikipedia aggregation, National Election Commission (official result), Korean national press. Market snapshot total volume: US$290.7M.

Provenance & method: poll figures compiled deterministically (rowspan/colspan-aware HTML parser) from the public Wikipedia aggregation "Opinion polling for the 2025 South Korean presidential election" (CC BY-SA), covering the finalized three-way race (Lee Jae-myung × Kim Moon-soo × Lee Jun-seok, plus minor candidates) from 12 May to 3 June 2025; hypothetical pre-nomination matchups and the official vote count are excluded. Nothing is imputed or smoothed; missing values left blank. The divergence snapshot compares the closing market (2025-06-02) against the final-wave vote-intention consensus (mean of the 25-27 May polls: Lee 47.1, Kim 38.2, Lee Jun-seok 9.8). Market odds come from the public Polymarket market. Underlying numbers are facts released by the named pollsters; please attribute AFOS Analytics and the original pollsters.

License: data CC BY 4.0; code Apache 2.0. afos-analytics.com

Provenance and reproducibility (v1.2.0)

  • raw/ vs. derived. raw/ holds immutable source pulls: the Polymarket snapshot(s) (*-poly-raw.json) and the official result (south-korea-2025-official-result.json). The CSVs under data/, polls/ and news/ are derived/transcribed series.
  • Validated against the official result. Winner: Lee Jae-myung (Democratic Party). Source: National Election Commission (NEC), Republic of Korea. See raw/south-korea-2025-official-result.json.
  • Poll disclosure. The poll series carries per-row pollster, fieldwork date and sample size. Each poll row now carries a page-level source_url (the Wikipedia opinion-polling page it was compiled from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2025_South_Korean_presidential_election); per-pollster report URLs remain a future enhancement (the source aggregation footnotes were not retained per row).
  • Integrity. datapackage.json (Frictionless, validated), croissant.json (MLCommons) and CHECKSUMS.txt (SHA-256) describe and verify every file.

📬 The method, and where it runs live

English · This is one of the elections AFOS has validated against the official result. How the validation works and what qualifies as a case: the method and methodology. The same method runs live on Brazil 2026, published every day in AFOS Daily, free by email.

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