README.md

---
license: unknown
tags:
  - ev-charging
  - vietnam
  - geospatial
---

# vgreen-charging-siting-data

Data snapshot for the VGreen EV charging-station siting project (Vietnam).
Sources: evcs.vn (supply + occupancy telemetry), VinFast official store locator
(verification), OSM (roads + POI), WorldPop (population), ESA WorldCover
(land use), VNSDI (commune boundaries + registered population).
See the project `docs/` for the full data-layer overview.

**Snapshot:** `2026-07-31` · frozen input snapshot id `2026-07-20`
(re-frozen `2026-07-31T12:29+07:00`, 6 sources — see `raw/MANIFEST.json` for
per-source checksums and freeze provenance; dated `raw/MANIFEST-*.json` files
are the earlier freezes kept for lineage).

## Layout

- `raw/` — immutable crawled/downloaded sources (+ `MANIFEST.json` freeze manifest)
- `interim/` — cleaned / intermediate artifacts + QA sidecars
  - `canonical/` — station & connector master tables (Hive-partitioned by `province_code`)
  - `admin/` — commune/province enrichment for stations and the demand grid
  - `vnsdi/` — commune polygons + registered population
  - `worldpop/` — population on H3 r8, all vintages and repair stages
  - `osm/` — roads, POI, Vietnam boundary
  - `landuse/` — buildability mask and exclusion zones
  - `demand/` — the assembled demand grid
- `processed/` — model-ready outputs (`candidate_sites`, `covered0`)
- `external/` — external references (electricity OpEx tariff)

## What changed in this version

This is a **full national rebuild**. Every layer was regenerated, and three new
source layers were added. The two caveats that shipped with the `2026-07-28`
release (Hanoi-only scope in `processed/`, and `processed/` predating the
coordinate fix) are **both resolved** — see [Resolved from the previous
release](#resolved-from-the-previous-release).

### New: administrative layer (E-DQ3)

Stations and demand cells now carry commune/province labels from **VNSDI 34DVHC
layer 2** (`Địa phận cấp xã 1000N`, admin vintage `2025-06-16`) — the post-merger
34-province structure, not OSM `adm4`.

- `interim/vnsdi/communes.parquet` — 3,321 communes, 34 provinces, Σ registered
  population 113,625,653 (2025 register), Σ area 347,574 km²
- `interim/admin/cell_commune.parquet` — 395,276 cell↔commune pairs with area
  weights, for 314,934 grid cells (73,882 cells straddle more than one commune)
- `interim/admin/demand_commune.parquet` — demand aggregated to commune level
- `interim/admin/province_crosswalk.csv` — evcs `province_code` → VNSDI province

New station columns: `admin_l1_code`, `province_name`, `commune_code`,
`commune_name`, `commune_kind`, `admin_src`, `admin_dist_m`, `admin_verdict`.

Two things to keep straight:

- **Cell labels are `argmax`, not allocation.** A cell's `commune_code` is the
  commune holding the largest share of it. To split a cell's population across
  communes, join `cell_commune.parquet` and use the area weights (they sum to 1
  per cell, max drift 2.2e-16).
- 326 cells (1,471 people, 0.0015%) fall outside every commune polygon and are
  labelled `UNRESOLVED` rather than dropped.

### New: population repair chain (E-DQ7e / E-DQ7f / E-DQ8b)

The population raster moved to the **UN-adjusted** 2020 constrained build, then
through two repair stages. Each stage ships its own parquet and report so you
can pick the stage you trust:

| File | Σ population | What it is |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `worldpop/worldpop_pop_h3.parquet` | 97,569,444 | UN-adjusted 2020 raster on H3 r8 |
| `worldpop/worldpop_pop_adj_h3.parquet` | 97,083,046 | + E-DQ7f commune reconciliation |
| `worldpop/worldpop_pop_acc_h3.parquet` | 96,972,190 | + E-DQ8b roadless-mass relocation |

- **E-DQ7f** cross-checks WorldPop cells against VNSDI commune `DANSO`. 139 cells
  holding 745,283 people (0.76%) were implausible; 70 communes were repaired
  (17 re-totalled, 53 replaced), removing 486,399 phantom people. National drift
  0.499%, 0 cells left unrepaired.
- **E-DQ8b** relocates population sitting in cells with no road access. Roadless
  mass drops from 1,183,197 to 1,001 people (−99.9%); all relocated mass lands in
  `DIRECT` cells. Cells carry an `access_tier`: `DIRECT` 98.7%, `ADJACENT` 0.92%,
  `NEAR` 0.16%, `ISOLATED` 0.19%.

Two extra vintages ship for per-cell comparison work:
`worldpop_pop_2025_h3.parquet` (Σ 101,299,971, R2024B) and
`worldpop_pop_2020_r24_h3.parquet` (same R2024B generation as 2025, so the pair
is generation-matched).

> **Note.** VNSDI's registered population is 16.5% above WorldPop's UN-adjusted
> total (113.6 M vs 97.6 M). These count different things — de jure register vs
> modelled de facto — so the gap is expected and E-DQ7f uses the register only to
> detect *outlier* cells, not to rescale the country.

### New: POI semantics and boundary clipping (E-DQ7a / E-DQ7b)

- `osm/vn_boundary.parquet` / `.geojson` — Vietnam boundary; the demand grid is
  now clipped to it. 7,375 cells fall outside and are split out into
  `demand/demand_h3_clipped_out.parquet` (6,338 people, 0.0065% — negligible).
- `osm/osm_poi_h3.parquet` (6,932 cells) — POI counts kept **separate from road
  access**, which previously conflated the two signals.
- `osm/osm_poi_recall.json` — measured POI recall against the station set, and it
  is **low**: `FUEL` 0.359 at 100 m, `PARKING_OFF` 0.086. Recall is also biased by
  population density (`PARKING_OFF` high/low-density ratio 2.67). Treat OSM POI
  counts as a weak, unevenly-observed covariate — not a census.

### New: asset vs live capacity resolution (E-DQ4)

evcs.vn reports *currently reporting* guns, which undercounts installed hardware.
The canonical table now separates the two, with VinFast official as the asset
source of truth (`config_src`: `OFFICIAL` 19,243 / `UNKNOWN` 256 / `EVCS_LIVE` 7
/ `TELEMETRY_BOUND` 1):

| Column | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| `n_guns_installed` | Installed guns (asset layer) |
| `nameplate_power_kw` | Σ nameplate power of installed guns |
| `site_power_kw` | Site power after shared-cabinet de-rating |
| `max_power_kw_asset`, `current_type_asset` | Per-gun asset ratings |
| `config_src`, `config_resolved` | Where the config came from; `False` on 257 rows |
| `n_guns_imputed` | Guns recovered that live data did not report |

This recovers 6,249 guns that live telemetry missed. **Do not sum
`nameplate_power_kw` as site capacity** — 4,317 stations share cabinets between
guns, and nameplate over-states deliverable site power by 1.82×; use
`site_power_kw`.

### Canonical stations — 19,507 rows, 56 columns

Identity columns (**E-DQ2**, cross-source dedup between evcs and VinFast official)
and coordinate-provenance columns (**E-DQ1**) carry forward from the previous
release: `physical_id`, `is_primary`, `dup_group_id`, `dup_dist_m`,
`n_dup_members`, `lat_raw`, `lng_raw`, `coord_src`, `coord_resolved`,
`coord_fix_dist_m`.

Two changes since `2026-07-28`:

- Dedup was re-run against the rebuilt official cross-reference; `is_primary=False`
  is now **146** rows (was 329).
- `coord_resolved=False` is now **54** rows (was 38) — the 38 placeholder
  coordinates plus 16 newly detected as falling outside every commune polygon.

**Rows are flagged, never deleted.** The supply filter is:

```python
supply = df["is_operational"] & (df["access"] == "PUBLIC") & df["is_primary"] & df["coord_resolved"]
# -> 19,181 stations across 12,801 H3 r8 cells
```

Pre-computed as `interim/clean_supply.csv` (19,181 rows), with every excluded row
and its reason in `interim/excluded.csv` (326 rows). Reasons are assigned in
precedence order, so these are disjoint:

| Reason | Rows |
| --- | --- |
| `CROSS_SOURCE_DUP` | 146 |
| `ACCESS_UNKNOWN` | 63 |
| `OUT_OF_SERVICE` | 42 |
| `COORD_PLACEHOLDER` | 38 |
| `RESTRICTED` | 21 |
| `COORD_OUTSIDE_ADMIN` | 16 |

`h3_r8` is **NULL** on unresolved rows — those stations have no trustworthy
location and must not anchor coverage.

> **`MAINTENANCE` is in supply on purpose.** 3,392 stations are `MAINTENANCE`
> rather than `OPERATIONAL`; they are physically installed, so they count as
> existing supply. Only `OUT_OF_SERVICE` is hard-filtered. If you want the
> stricter "operational right now" baseline, use `processed/covered0_operational`.

> **Private ownership is not private access.** Operator values like
> *Tư nhân* / *Nhượng quyền* describe ownership or franchise model, not public
> accessibility. They are the majority of supply and belong in it. Use the
> `access` column, not the operator string.

### Demand grid — 314,934 cells

`interim/demand/demand_h3.parquet`, H3 r8, national. Σ `pop_adj` 96,941,979,
Σ `pop_2025` 101,299,971, 578,473 km of road length. Carries the `access_tier`,
admin labels, road metrics, and POI counts described above. All 9 QA gates PASS
(`demand/demand_h3_report.json`).

### `processed/` — national, rebuilt against this canonical layer

| Artifact | Rows | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `candidate_sites` | 16,686 | R=3 km, upper-bound coverage 0.912, all 5 gates PASS |
| `covered0` | 19,012 | Baseline coverage, 12,799 cells |
| `covered0_operational` | 15,746 | Same, but `OPERATIONAL` only (excludes `MAINTENANCE`) |

`covered0` applies the supply filter **plus** an `F4 clean_coord` check, which is
why it holds 19,012 rows rather than 19,181 — a net 169 fewer. (The
`dirty_coord: 214` figure in `covered0_report.json` counts every row failing that
check, including rows the supply filter already excluded for another reason, so
the per-reason counts there overlap and do not sum to the total.)

### Resolved from the previous release

| Issue in `2026-07-28` | Status |
| --- | --- |
| `processed/` was Hanoi-only (`--city hanoi`) | **Fixed** — national again (16,686 candidates / 19,012 covered0) |
| `processed/` predated E-DQ1 and E-DQ2 | **Fixed** — rebuilt against the current canonical layer |
| `covered0` filtered on legacy `DUP_COORD` / `COORD_ADDR_MISMATCH` flags | **Fixed** — now gates on `coord_resolved` / `is_primary` |

## ⚠️ Known issues in this release

**1. Three QA sidecars are stale.** They were generated on 2026-07-30, before the
final rebuild, and their headline counts no longer match the shipped data:

| File | Stale figure | Actual |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `interim/resolve_config_report.json` | `supply.n` = 19,015 | 19,181 |
| `interim/admin/station_admin_report.json` | `n_supply` = 18,999 | 19,181 |
| `interim/quality_report.json` | counts predate the rebuild | — |

`interim/export_supply_report.json` (2026-07-31) is the authoritative supply
report. The *gate results* in the stale files still hold — it is the row counts
that drifted. Regenerating them is tracked as follow-up.

**2. `interim/canonical/stations_no_connectors.csv` was removed.** It was
redundant with the connector table; derive it with an anti-join if you need it.

**3. `raw/vinfast_official/details.tar.zst` and `interim/evcs_timeseries.tar.zst`
are unchanged** from the `2026-07-24` bundle. They are still consistent with the
frozen `2026-07-20` snapshot.

## Bundled archives (extract before use)

Two folders that contained tens of thousands of tiny files were bundled into
single compressed archives to keep the repo pushable within Hugging Face rate
limits. Extract them to restore the original per-file layout:

```bash
# 23,240 per-locator detail JSONs  ->  raw/vinfast_official/details/
zstd -dc raw/vinfast_official/details.tar.zst | tar -x -C raw/vinfast_official

# 19,218 per-station time-series CSVs  ->  interim/evcs_timeseries/
zstd -dc interim/evcs_timeseries.tar.zst | tar -x -C interim
```

## Reading the canonical layer

Both canonical tables are Hive-partitioned by `province_code`, and filenames are
content-hash prefixed — a rebuild writes new filenames, so read the directory,
never a pinned file path:

```python
import pyarrow.dataset as ds

stations = ds.dataset("interim/canonical/stations",
                      format="parquet", partitioning="hive").to_table().to_pandas()
```